ABSTRACT
Abstract Objective The aim of this work was to evaluate the changes caused by estrogen deficiency in lipid metabolism. Methods This study encompassed direct measurements of plasma biochemical analyses, liver lipid contents, and assessments of the mitochondrial β-oxidation capacity as well as an evaluation of the liver redox status in an animal model of estrogen deficiency. Results When compared with control mice, the livers of ovariectomized (OVX) mice presented considerable accretions in their lipid contents, which were accompanied by increased levels of lipid peroxidation in liver homogenates andmitochondria from OVX groups and decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. In isolated mitochondria, estrogen deficiency inhibited mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids irrespective of their chain length. The liver mitochondrial and peroxisomal H2O2 generations in OVX mice were increased. Additionally, the activities of all antioxidant enzymes assessed were decreased. Conclusion These data provide one potential explanation for the increased susceptibility to metabolic diseases observed after menopause.
Resumo Objetivo O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar as alterações causadas pela deficiência estrogênica no metabolismo de lipídeos. Métodos Este estudo abrangeu análises bioquímicas plasmáticas, verificação de conteúdo lipídico do fígado e avaliações da capacidade de β-oxidação mitocondrial e do estado redox do fígado em um modelo animal de deficiência estrogênica. Resultados Os fígados das camundongas ovariectomizadas (OVXs) apresentaram acréscimos consideráveis no conteúdo de lipídeos, que foram acompanhados por aumento de peroxidação lipídica em homogenatos e mitocôndrias de fígado e diminuição do conteúdo de glutationa reduzida (GSH) quando comparadas as camundongas do grupo controle. Nas mitocôndrias isoladas, a deficiência estrogênica causou a inibição da β-oxidação mitocondrial independentemente do comprimento da cadeia dos ácidos graxos. A geração mitocondrial e peroxissomal de H2O2 apresentou-se aumentada em camundongas OVXs. Além disso, as atividades de todas as enzimas antioxidantes avaliadas foram diminuídas. Conclusão Esses dados fornecem uma explicação potencial para o aumento da suscetibilidade às doenças metabólicas observadas após a menopausa.
Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Mice , Ovariectomy , Oxidative Stress , Estrogens/deficiency , Fatty Acids , Oxidation-Reduction , Time Factors , Metabolic DiseasesABSTRACT
The purpose of this work was to analyze the morphoquantitative behavior of the neurons of the myenteric plexus, as well as the morphometry of the duodenal wall, in adult rats fed with normoproteic (22%) and hypoproteic (8%) rations, killed at the age of 345 days. For neuronal assessments duodenal wholernounts stained with the Giemsa method were used, and for the evaluation of the duodenal wall routine histological processing and staining with Hematoxilin-Eosin were employed. The means of the number of neurons in 80 microscopic fields (12.72 mm2) and of the size of the neuronal cell bodies did not reveal statistically significant differences between the groups, but there was a greater incidence of large neurons in the protein restriction group (RP). The duodenum was markedly smaller in the RP group and, although there was no difference in the thickness of its wall, the mucosa was larger and the muscular layer was smaller in group RP. It was concluded that the neuronal and non-neuronal components of the duodenum adjust themselves to the nutritional condition, assuring the maintenance of their functions
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Mice , Diet , Diet Therapy , Duodenum , Myenteric Plexus , Proteins , Enteric Nervous System/pathologyABSTRACT
Con el objetivo de verificar los efectos de la desnutrición proteica sobre el plexo mientérico del íleon, fueron utilizados 20 ratas del linaje wistar, cuyas madres fueron desnutridas en los períodos de gestación y/o lactacia sometidas a sacrificio a los 60 días de edad. Se realizaron preparados de membrana del íleon teñidos con GIEMSA, para observación de las neuronas mientéricas y posteriores análisis y cuantificación. Verificamos que la desnutrición proteica no provoca reducción en el número de neuronas mientéricas por cm2 de íleon, y que las neuronas medias con basofilia intermediaria predominan en todos los grupos